How Industrial RO Systems Integrate EDI or Mixed-Bed Ion Exchange for Ultrapure Water Production| Insights by AQUALITEK
Discover how industrial RO systems use EDI (electrodeionization) or mixed-bed ion exchange as polishing steps to produce ultrapure water, and understand the key design considerations for reliable water quality performance.
- RO + EDI / Mixed-Bed: The Ultimate Solution for Ultrapure Water
- Typical Ultrapure Water Process Flow
- Why 2-pass RO?
- Option 1: RO + EDI Integration (Continuous Polishing)
- How EDI Works
- Advantages
- Limitations
- Option 2: RO + Mixed-Bed Ion Exchange
- Advantages
- Limitations
- EDI vs. Mixed-Bed — How to Choose?
- Key Engineering Considerations
- Final Recommendation
RO + EDI / Mixed-Bed: The Ultimate Solution for Ultrapure Water
Industrial reverse osmosis (RO) systems are widely used to remove most dissolved ions from raw water. However, RO alone cannot achieve the extremely low conductivity requirements needed for ultrapure water applications, such as:
✅ Electronics & semiconductor manufacturing
✅ Power plant boiler feedwater
✅ Pharmaceutical & biotech production
✅ Precision chemical processing
To reach resistivity > 15–18 MΩ·cm, additional polishing purification is required:
➡️ EDI (Electrodeionization)
➡️ Mixed-bed ion exchange systems (MBIX/MB resin)
These technologies are integrated after RO to remove trace ions, silica, and TOC.
Typical Ultrapure Water Process Flow
Pretreatment → RO (1st Pass) → RO (2nd Pass) → EDI / Mixed Bed → Ultrapure Water Storage & Distribution
Why 2-pass RO?
✅ Greatly reduces TDS & CO₂
✅ Minimizes load on EDI/MBIX
✅ Improves overall system stability
Option 1: RO + EDI Integration (Continuous Polishing)
How EDI Works
Ion exchange resins + ion-selective membranes + DC electric field enable:
•Continuous ion removal
•No chemical regeneration required
•Constant production of ultrapure water
Advantages
✅ Continuous operation
✅ Lower operating cost (no chemicals)
✅ Stable product quality
✅ Small footprint, automation-friendly
Limitations
✖ Sensitive to feedwater quality
✖ CO₂, silica, hardness require strong pretreatment
Feedwater to EDI must have:
•Conductivity < 0.5–1.0 µS/cm
•Silica < 20–50 ppb
•Hardness ≈ 0 ppm
•SDI < 1–2
Best for: Electronics & pharmaceuticals
Option 2: RO + Mixed-Bed Ion Exchange
Mixed-bed systems use cation & anion resin to exchange residual ions.
Advantages
✅ Excellent polishing capability
✅ Capable of achieving 18.2 MΩ·cm
✅ Better tolerance to feedwater fluctuations
Limitations
✖ Requires periodic chemical regeneration
✖ High labor & chemical handling cost
✖ Wastewater discharge & environmental control needed
Best for:
•Power plants with high peak water demands
•Facilities prioritizing highest polishing performance
EDI vs. Mixed-Bed — How to Choose?
|
Factor |
EDI |
Mixed-Bed |
|
Operating Mode |
Continuous |
Batch |
|
Regeneration |
None |
Required |
|
Water Quality Stability |
High |
Very High |
|
Operating Cost |
Lower |
Higher |
|
Low |
Chemical waste generated |
|
|
Sensitivity to Feedwater |
High |
Medium |
|
Common Use |
Electronics, pharma |
Power, critical ultrapure |
Hybrid systems are sometimes used:
RO → EDI → Mixed Bed
(For guaranteed ultra-low ions)
Key Engineering Considerations
|
Design Factor |
Recommendation |
|
CO₂ Removal |
Add degassing / membrane degasser after RO |
|
Silica Control |
Use pH adjustment + antiscalants |
|
TOC Reduction |
Activated carbon or UV TOC removal |
|
Continuous Monitoring |
Resistivity, pH, silica, sodium analyzers |
|
Material Selection |
UPVC, SS316L, or PVDF for purity piping |
✅ Proper post-treatment is essential to avoid contamination and guarantee system reliability.
Final Recommendation
To produce consistent ultrapure water:
Use 2-pass RO + EDI as the preferred solution,
supplemented by polishing mixed-bed when extreme purity requirements or peak flow buffering are needed.
This combination enables:
✔ Reliable 18.2 MΩ·cm purity
✔ Low total cost of ownership
✔ Stable and automated operation
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